That is because find outputs each matching file path to a separate line. Just as we can use the wc command to count the number of times a phrase appears in a file, we can use it to count the number of files matching a given pattern. name BalancedTernary.java Telephone.java If we don’t, the shell will convert the asterisk into a space delimited set of all the files/directories in the current folder, which will lead to an errorįind. Note that we must enclose the pattern in quotes in this example in order to prevent the shell from trying to expand the * wildcard. In all the examples that follow I will explicitly list the starting directory.įor instance, if we want to find all the files that end with the extension “.java” in the current working directory, we could run the following: If the starting location is not provided, it is assumed to be in the current directory (. There are a lot of arguments you can use, but to get started, the basic syntax is The man page describes find asįind – search for files in a directory hierarchy See grep tutorials for many good examples of how to use grep. Before moving on to find, I want to stress that grep is extremely useful and vital to anyone using a Unix based machine. In order make grep search through all of the subdirectories (i.e., recursively), you can combine grep with another extremely useful Unix utility, find. But if I introduce new files in subdirectories:Įcho "//TODO: Create this file" > Subdir/Test.java For instance, if my directory structure looks like the following:Īll of these files will be searched when grep is run. This works fine with a single directory of files, but it will not handle nested directories. If all we want to do is get a rough estimate as to how many documented TODOs we have, we can pipe the result of this argument into the wc utility, which counts bytes, characters, or lines. Telephone.java:29: // TODO: throw exception if precondition is violated Telephone.java: // TODO: throw exception if precondition is violated java files in the current directory, you would execute the following: Grep takes as input a list of files to search and a pattern to try to match against it will then emit a set of lines matching the pattern.įor instance, to search for TODO or any version of that string (todo, ToDO), in all the. In order to extract all of the TODO items from within our java files, we need a way of searching for matching text. Format results of step 3 as an HTML table The general steps I’ll be presenting are: StepĤ. In particular I will illustrate the use of find, grep, sed, and pipes. I’m going to step through the use of a few Unix tools that can be tied together to extract the data and create a similar view. When you’ve concluded that the changes are correct (do a diff File.txt to see the difference), you can delete all the backup files with rm *.bk. To fix the smart quotes in all the text files in a directory, do the following:įor i in *.txt do sed -i ".bk" s//'"'/g $i doneĪt the conclusion of the command, you will have double the number of text files in the directory, due to all the backup files. This tells the sed command to make the change “in place”, while backing up the original file to in case anything goes wrong. If you wish to save the files in place, overwriting the original contents, you would do Sed s//'"'/g File.txt > WithoutSmartQuotes.txt This won’t actually change the contents of the File, but you can save the results to a new file Recall that you can do global find/replace by using sed. I’ll show you how to replace these curly quotes with the traditional straight quote. You can turn them off in Word but if you’re trying to remedy the problem after the fact, sed is your old friend. Some programs don’t handle these characters very well. If you’ve copied and pasted text from Microsoft Word, chances are there will be the so-called smart quotes in that text.
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